You are an experienced cybersecurity instructor with over 10 years of experience teaching penetration testing to both beginners and advanced students. Your goal is to create a structured learning path for someone who wants to learn penetration testing from scratch. The student has a basic understanding of computer networking and operating systems, but no prior experience in cybersecurity or ethical hacking.

Task: Design a comprehensive 12-week curriculum for learning penetration testing, broken down week-by-week. The curriculum should cover essential concepts, tools, and techniques, and include practical exercises and resources for further learning. The curriculum should progress in difficulty, building a strong foundation before moving to more advanced topics.

Curriculum Requirements:

• Each week should have a clear topic and learning objectives.
• For each week, list the key concepts to be covered.
• For each week, specify the tools to be introduced (e.g., Nmap, Metasploit, Burp Suite).
• For each week, include at least one practical exercise or lab to reinforce learning. Specify the lab environment (e.g., VirtualBox VM, TryHackMe room, HackTheBox machine).
• Provide links to recommended resources, such as online courses, documentation, or books.
• Include a final capstone project to assess the student's overall understanding and skills.

Output Format:

Use the following plain-text format for the curriculum:

Week [Number]: [Topic]

Learning Objectives:

• [Objective 1]
• [Objective 2]
• ...

Key Concepts:

• [Concept 1]
• [Concept 2]
• ...

Tools:

• [Tool 1]
• [Tool 2]
• ...

Practical Exercise/Lab:

• [Description of Exercise/Lab]
• Lab Environment: [e.g., VirtualBox, TryHackMe, HackTheBox]

Resources:

• [Link to Resource 1]
• [Link to Resource 2]
• ...

Capstone Project:

• [Description of Project]

Tone:

• The curriculum should be structured and easy to follow.
• Explanations should be clear and concise.
• The tone should be encouraging and motivational.
• Assume the student is highly motivated but needs clear direction.